The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum more

SGRIPTION icarnassian Studies vol. IV Edited by Signe Isager & Poul Pederseri The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum Koray Konuk This contribution is based on work undertaken in August and September 2000 to catalogue and study the collection of some 3150 Greek and Roman coins of the Bodrum (ancient Halikarnassos) Underwater Archaeology Museum. Our task was considerably Facilitated thanks to the help provided by the museum coin curator Scrap Yakar and the museum director Oguz Alpozen and his deputy Ay kut Ozet.1 Full publication of the ancient coins is in preparation, and the material discussed helow is a presentarion of the 57 coins minted by Ptolemaic rulers. The Bodrum Underwater Archaeology Museum is responsible for antiquities in the kaymakamhk (sub-ptovince) of Bodrum within the province of Mugla. As its name implies, the museum also cares for antiquities found in the sea, although none of the coins discussed here was found in that context. The area covered today hy the museum roughly cor- responds to the Bodrum and Knidos peninsulas. In addition, being the oldest museum in the region, es- tablished in 1962, Bodrum museum was also re- sponsible rot areas that are now under the jurisdic- tion of three separate archaeological museums in Milas, Marmaris and Fethiye. Many of the coins found in these areas by locals or, less frequently, dur- ing official excavations, are sent to Bodrum mu- seum. When known, find-spots have been recorded in the museum's inveittory books. The reliability of provenances, when volunteered by finders, is vari- able and should not always be taken at face value. Neither can it be assumed that all the material was found locally. Being one of the most popular holi- day resorts of the country, Bodrum attracts antiqui- ties and ancient coins from other parts of the coun- try for sale to tourists. In actual fact, many coins came to the museum through confiscations by the police from dealers and jewellers, and find-spots can rarely be established. These words of caution should not however prevent us from using a number of provenances given hy local inhabitants, which, on the whole, can be regarded as trustworthy. These will be indicated in the catalogue below and on the map of the region. Noteworthy hecause of their cer- tain provenances are two Ptolemaic coins from offi- cial excavations, a pre-reform Ptolemy II bronze from Euromos (cat. 13} and a post-reform Ptolemy II bronze from Kaunos (cat. 33). The following is a catalogue of the 57 Ptolemaic coins kept in Bodrum Museunt. Catalogue All coins are bronze (or copper alloy), except no. 8, a tctradrachm in silver. All die-axes are at 12. Follow- ing the weight, between brackets, is the museum ac- cession number. Unless otherwise stated all coins are from the mint of Alexandria. Coins marked with an asterisk are illustrated on pi. 1 and 2. Obverse types: - Zeus: Laureate head of Zeus to right, - Amnion: Horned head of Zeus Ammon to right, wearing taenia with lotus blossom over forehead; dotted botdcr. - Elephant headdress Alexander; Diademed head of Alexander tbe Great to right wearing elephant's scalp headdress; dotted border. - Diademed Alexander: Diademed head of Alexan- der the Great to right, with horn of Ammon. - Ptolemy: Diademed head of Ptolemy I Soter wearing the aegis on neck; dotted border. 166 The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrurn Reverse types: - Closed wings eagle; no legend: Eagle with closed wings standing left on thunderbolt; dotted bor- der. - Closed wings eagle: Eagle with closed wings standing left on thunderbolt, legend: nTOAEMAIOY BAXIAEQI; dotted border - Open wings eagle: As last, but eagle has open wings. Found at the village of Ciftlik; purchased from Mustafa Kose, 24.09.75. 7)* 8.05g(l498) Elephant headdress Alexandet/Open wings ea- gle; in left field, X Purchased from Atif Atici, 30.04.65. Svoronos 1904, 235; Kromann and Morkbolm 1977, 54-55; Noeske 2000, 33. Ptolemy I Soter (323-283 BC) C. 323-310 BC? 0* 0,85g (51-9-85) Diademed Alexander/Open wings eagle; no leg- end but AAE (in ligature) in left field. Purchased from Halil GUI and Serif Ahmet Gul. 04.06.85. Svoronos 1904, 17; Kromann and Markholm 1977, 35 var. 2) 0.92g (3289) As last. Found in the vicinity or Milas; purchased from Kemalettin Giimiil, 26.10.68. 3) * 0.72g (116-6-93) As last. Gift of Ozgen Acar, 04.01.93. C. 305-295 BC 4) * 3.79g (52-9-85) Diademed Alexander/Open wings eagle; in left field, n over helmet. Purchased from Halil Gtil and Serif Ahmet Giil, 04.06.85. Unlisted variety. 5) 4.20g (53-9-85) As last. Purchased from Halil Giil and Serif Ahmet Gill, 04.06.85. 6) 3.07g (8-28-75) As last, but letter above helmet illegible. Ptolemy II Phikdelphos (285-246 BC) Before reform of 265 or 261 BC 8) " AR tetradracbm, 13.73g (4094); Cypriot mint, Paphos?; c. 285-275 BC. Ptolemy/Closed wings eagle; in left field, X and Al. Several punch marks. Found at the village of Cifrlik, 13.04.70. Svo- ronos 1904, 373; Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 97; Davesne and Le Rider 1989, 5103- 5123. 9) * 15.76g (7-3-90) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field, H . Found at Dalyan/Ortaca; purchased in Bodrurn from Vahit Sonmez Ezer, 08.10.89. Svoronos 1904, 206; Kromann and Morkbolm 1977, 91; Le Rider 1969, 1-5. 10) * I4.65g (2-20-80) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field. X ■ Purchased from Coskun Ozkaya, 04.06.80. Svoronos 1904, 550. 11) * 13.62g(5887) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field, shield with X above; O between eagle's legs. Purchased in Bodrurn from antiques dealer Mu- ammer Ezer, 14.08.74. Svoronos 1904, 586; Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 123; Weiser 1995, 11; Mirgissa, 29, 28. 12) * 11.27g (75-5-91) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field, shield be- tween X ar|d X; O between eagle's legs. Confiscated by the Mugla penal court, 02.08.90. Svoronos 1904, 587. The Ptolemaic Claim in the Ifaduon 167 HATE I 168 The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum 13) * 15.32g(5793) As last, but EC between eagle's legs. From the excavations of Euromos (trench 0.10, square A.4, -90cm), 10.12.71. Svoronos 1904, 577; Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 128. 14) * I4.26g(1389) As last, but A between eagle's legs. Trident count- ermark on reverse. Purchased from §iikrii Boce, 12.03.65. Svoronos 1904, 58le; Kromann and Mork- holm 1977, 129. 15) * 12.02g (1387) As last, but uncertain letter between eagle's legs (without countermark). Purchased from §iikru Boce, 12.03.65. 16) * 15.64g (7540) As last. Trident countermark on reverse. Pur- chased in Bodrum from §ukrii Esen, 14.08.74. Cf. Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 128. 17) * 15.00g(2832) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field, shield be- tween X and XI: rN between eagle's legs. Confiscated in Mugla from Ektem Alper, 16.03.71. Cf. Svoronos 1904, 554 (different monogram). 18) * I4.42g{5842) Zeus/Open wings eagle; in left field, above shield. Purchased in Bodrum from antiques dealer Mu- ammer li/.cr, 20.01.72. 19) * 12.81g (1388) Zeus/Open wings eagle; uncertain letters or sym- bols. Purchased from Sukrti Boce, 12.03.65. 20) * 18.19g (1386) As last. Purchased from §iikrii Boce, 12.03.65. 21) 12.73g(1285) As last. Purchased from Izzet Salci, dealer in Yatagan, 12.03.65. 22) 15.25g (196-6-93) As last. (liven by Ozgen Acar, from his collection, 04.01.93. 23) * 10.68g(1286) As last, but trident countermark on reverse, Purchased from Izzet Salci, dealer in Yatagan, 12.03.65. 24) * 7.94 (3566) Elephanr headdress Alexander/Open wings eagle, in left field: shield between £ and X. . Purchased from Sadik §ahin from the village of Karaova, 04.07.69. Svoronos 1904, 602. 25) 8.90 (1406) As last. Purchased from Arif Atici, 30.04.65. 26) 7.22g (1-10-89) Elephant headdress Alexander/Open wings ea- gle; in left field, uncertain letrers or symbols. Found at the village of Ciftlik; purchased from Sezai Guntas, 14.09.89. 27) 8.07g (3-10-89) Elephant headdress Alexander/Open wings ea- gle; in left field, uncertain letters or symbols. Found at the village of C^iftlik; purchased from Sezai Giinras, 14.09.89. 28) * 7.2lg (78-15-85); Cypriot mint (Salamis or Kirion). Elephant headdress Alexander/Open wings ea- gle; in left field: EY above /K . Purchased horn Halil Giil and Serif Ahmet Giil, 04.06.85. Unlisted variety. 29) * 8.69 (3567); Cypriot mint (Salamis or Kition). Elephant headdress Alexander/Open wings ea- gle; in left field, EY above A . Purchased from Sadik §ahin from the village of Karaova, 04.07.69. Svoronos 1904, 363. Noeske 2000, 107. After tefotm of 265 ot 261 BC 30) * 10.72g (4822) Elephant headdress Alexander; central cavity/ Open wings eagle; A between eagle's legs; cen- tral cavity. Purchased in Bodrum from antiques dealer Mu- ammer F>,er, 25.05.71. Svoronos 1904, 424. The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum 169 HATE 2 17Q The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum 31) * 12.78g (12-1-85) Elephant headdress Alexander, central cavity/ Open wings eagle; O (or 0) between eagle's legs; central cavity. Confiscared in the Mugla region, 18.01.85. Svoronos 1904, 467. 32) * 6.1 lg (3281) Ammon; central cavity/Open wings eagle; A between eagle's legs; central cavity. Found in the region of Mi las; purchased from Kemalettin Giimiil, 26.10.68. Svoronos 1904, 484; Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 165. 33) * 4.67g (6783) Ammon; central caviry/Open wings eagle; P? between eagle's legs; central cavity. From the excavations of Kaunos, 22.02.74. Svoronos 1904, 501. 34) * 5.16 (1-5-89) Ammon; centra! cavity/Open wings eagle, un- certain letter between eagles legs; central cavity. Found in the village of C^tfrlik; purchased from Abdullah Pehlivan, in 1989. Ptolemy II, after reform of 265 or 261 BC or Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-221 BC) »Sidon« 35) * 37.69g (3556) Ammon; central caviry/Open wings eagle; fil- leted double cornucopia in left field; central cavity. Purchased in Bodrum from antiques dealer Mu- ammer Ezer, 25.05.71. Svoronos 1904, 759; Cox 1969, 77; Weiser 1995,41. 36) * 6.21g (5-4-96) As last. Purchased from Salfet Kancar, 22.07.96. Cf. Svoronos 1904, 761. 37) 4.89g(2722) As last. Purchased from Cihat Kurutas, 04.10.67 38} 4.31g (3454) As last. Found in the vicinity of Karaova village; pur- chased from Sadik Sahin, 07.03.69. 39) * 20.25g (5-9-92) Ammon; cemral cavity/Closed wings eagle, cor- nucopia on left wing; cenrral cavity. Purchased from Osman Sayak and Yiiksel Okur, 15.06.92. Svoronos 1904, 760. »Ptolemais-Akkoi( 40) * 10.77g (54-9-85) Ammon; central cavity/Closed wings eagle, long tripod in left field; central caviry. Purchased from Halil Gul and Serif Ahmet Giil, 04.06.85. Svoronos 1904, 791: Kromann and Morkholm 1977, 476. 41) * 9.52g (67-32-84) As last, but short tripod. Confiscated in the Mugla region, 14.08.84. 42) * 3.46g (2-8-84) As last. Purchased in Bodrum from Kemal Sari, 12.03.84. Svoronos 1904, 793. 43) 3.38g (1-22-75) As last. Found at the village of Ciftlik; purchased from Ali Erturk, 16.07.75. 44) * 3.42 (1219) As last, but long tripod. Purchased from Arif Atici of the village of Ciftlik, 19.01.65. 45) 3.56g (1-3-78) As last. From the village of Ciftlik; purchased from Ib- rahim Giiven, 24.07.78. 46) 3.42 (2783) As last. From Mumcular; purchased from Sadik Sahin, 26.01.68. The PtolemaU Coin, in the Bom urn 171 lavo< traluniki-ia* Mylasaj :.m ■ . y a • Sinuri • i'.iiuim.ir.i . .Mobolla Kindva Pisye •1 heni ■'Citmilstiik ,£1>ntf Theangcla Kiiramai . V iSlWttf lOdO 7.W- 0 5 10 31 km _ -_fit Amos^_4_ 'M/Q il/ayi o/~rAf njj/o« with provenances mentioned in the catalogue within frames Alexandria Cyprus 'Sidon' Ake-Ptol.' ' Beryl o> Total Ptolemy 1 7 7 Ptolemy II (pre-reform) 19 3 22 Ptolemy 11 (post-reform) 5 5 Ptolemy 11 (post-r.) iir 111 5 11 7 23 Tool 31 3 5 11 7 57 Distribution by mints and Itj mien 47) 3.98g (60-5-91) As last. Confiscated by the Mugla Penal Court, 1991. 48) - 3.73g (61-5-91) As last, bur countermark on reverse: A within round incuse. Qmfiscatcd by the Mugla Penal Court, I1)') 1. 49) 'i.6%(62 <-'>i\ As last (with A countermark). Confiscated by the Mugla Penal Court, 1991. 50) * 3.30g (72-32-84) As last (with A countermark). Confiscated in the Mugla region, 14.08.84. 172 The Ptolemaic (loins in the Bodrum »Berytos« 51) * 3.15g (75-32-84) Ammon; central cavity/Closed wings eagle; tri- dent in left field; central cavity. Confiscated in the Mugla region, 14.08.84. Svoronos 1904, 839; Kromann and Morkholm 1977,519. 52) 3.13g (1297) As last. Purchased from Izzet Salct, dealer in Yatagan, 12.03.65. 53) 2.43g (125-6-93) As last. Given by Ozgen Acar, from his collection, 04.01.93. 54) 2.43g (2109) As last. Purchased from Siikrii Boce, 12.03.65. 55) 2.60g (50-9-85) As last. Purchased from Halil Gul and Serif Ahmet Giil, 04.06.85. 56) * 1.54g (4-4-96) As last. Purchased from Saffet Kancar, 22.07.96. Svoronos 1904, 840. 57) I.63g(5592) As last. Given by Marmaris elementary school, 10.12.71. Comments Although the relations between the Halikarnassos peninsula and the Ptolemies are long and in a few places well attested by inscriptions, very little is known of the circulation of Ptolemaic coins in that area, and in Caria in general. An early testimony is that of the English traveller W.R, Paton, who lived in the area for 12 years at the end of the 19lK centu- ry. He remarked that in a sample of several hundred coins found at Myndos 80 % were autonomous Myndian and the remainder chiefly Ptolemaic (Pa- ton 1900, 80 cited in Bagnall 1976, 198). About half a century later, Louis Robert mentioned four Ptolemaic coins seen at Mylasa and one at Kildara (Robert 1962, 21), P. Roos teported a Ptolemaic bronze found at Goktepe east of Kaunos and an- other at Emirtasi north of ol the Gulf of Fethiye (Roos 1969, 72, 78). In 1976, Roger Bagnall, sur- veying the little evidence available to him, stated: »It is a curious situation that we have in the south coast of Asia Minor. Ptolemaic coins do not turn up in hoards and are found very occasionally on the sites of the area. Myndos being the only one that has them in quantity. Nor is there any evidence that Ptolemaic coins were minted in the region. It would seem that there was litrle circulation of Ptolemaic currency in most of Caria, Lycia, Pamphylia, and Cilicia«. Since then a number of new finds have emerged. Chief and foremost is the Meydancikkale (Giilnar) hoard found by French archaeologists in 1980 (Davesne and Le Rider 1989). With 5215 coins, it is one of the largest hoards of Greek coins found in Turkey, and it included over 2000 silver coins of the first three Ptolemies. The study of the Meydancikkale hoard allowed a more accurate chro- nology of Ptolemaic bronzes for which the century old catalogue of Svoronos is still the single reference work. It is clear that the Meydancikkale hoard does not reflect normal circulation pattern and was an ex- ceptionally large deposit destined for the military purposes of a Ptolemaic outpost in Cilicia. As far as Ptolemaic bronze coin finds are concerned, impor- tant evidence is concealed in archaeological mu- seums of western Turkey. In 1993, 1 had access to the numismatic holdings of the Milas museum of archaeology and savv about a dozen Ptolemaic bronzes (from a total of about 450 Greek coins). In the Archaeological Museum at Fethiye (ancient Tclmcssos) is kept the Sogiitluderc hoard of 18 tct- radrachms of Ptolemy 1 and Ptolemy II found in the upper Xanthos valley (Asbton et at 1996). The re- maining 149 Ptolemaic coins, almost all bronze coins of Ptolemy II and Ptolemy 111 and a plated tetradrachm of Ptolemy II, are being published by Richard Ashton (Ashton forth.), and present a sim- ilar composition to that of Bodrum Museum. Oth- er finds of Ptolemaic coins include a bronze coin found at Goktepe cast of Kaunos and another one The Ptolemaic Cffins in the Hodrum 173 at Emirtast near Fethiye (Roos 1959, 72); two bronzes of Ptolemy II and one of Cleopatra VII at Arykanda (Ashton forth., citing information from Tolga Tek); twenty coins of Ptolemy II and III at Li- myia (Gorecki 1991/2, 186); two coins of Ptolemy I and one coin of Ptolemy II near Arneai (Gregory 1993, 141); a pre-reform bronze of Ptoiemy II found under the stoa ot Kaunos (Kellner 2001). As more local finds and collection are published, a cir- culation pattern of Ptolemaic coins in Asia Minor will eventually hecome cleater and Bagnalfs asser- tion that "there was little circulation of Ptolemaic currency in most of Caria, Lycia...«, which was based on a lack of evidence, will not stand the test of time. The picture that is emerging is a circulation of Ptolemaic coins in the first half of the third cen- tury BC not only in coastal areas of western Asia Minor but also inland. Is this evidence of Ptolemaic control of these inland areas by means of garrisons which used their own currency, or of a circulation pattern that is mainly economic in nature? The answer remains unclear. In any case, even though the inland territories of Caria and Iycia were fierce- ly disputed by the Seleukids, rhe Ptolemies retained control of much ot the coastline until the campaigns of Antiochos III in 197-6 BC (Ma 1999, 39-43; Bagnall 1976, 89-110). The great majority of Ptolemaic coins in Bo- drurti are from the reign of Ptolemy II and III. The coinage of Ptolemy IV and his successors is not rep- resented in Bodrum and Fethiye. The earliest coins are six small bronze denominations of Ptolemy I of which three weigh under a gram and date from the very beginning of his reign as satrap of Egypt. The only silver coin in Bodrum is a tetradrachm of Ptol- emy II (cat. 8) from a Cypriot mint, probably Pa- phos. Two other bronze coins from the same ruler (cat. 28 and 29} are also from a Cypriot mint, prob- ably Salamis or Kition. Three prc-refonn bronzes of Ptolemy II were counrcrmarked on their reverse with a trident shaped punch. Six pre-reform bronz- es of Ptolemy II with the same countermark on the reverse are also extant in Fethiye. This type of coun- termark is well known and appears often on bronze coins of Ptolemy II and is sometimes seen in relief on his tetradrachms. Davesne would be tempted to suggest Bvz.antion as its origin were ir not for the fact that it occurs frequently on bronze coins exca- vated at Kourion (Cox 1959, 9-10; Davesne 1987, 147; Davesne and Le Rider 1989, 303) and Paphos (Nicolaou 1990, 11-12). Further finds of countet- marked coins are reporred from Cyprus (Schulze 2001, 365), which suggest that it was the place of is- sue. Schulze argues that the countermark's purpose was to devalue the early bronze coinage of Ptolemy II by 25% as part of a second currency reform later in his reign. A countermarked pre-refotm bronze of Ptolemy II was also seen at Gokova (Idyma) in 1 991 hy a team from Bordeaux surveying the region (Ko- nuk 2001, 78, pi. p. 79, no. 19). The latest Ptole- maic coins in Bodrum are bronzes of Ptolemy II or Ptolemy III from mints that are traditionally de- scribed as Phoenician. It has been unclear to which of the two kings, Ptolemy II or III, these coins should be attrihuted. The evidence from Bodrum and Fethiye museums would indicate Ptolemy III as there is already a good deal of coinage for Ptolemy II, and an attribution of these coins to his successor would fill the gap. Coins of Ptolemy III would be expected to circulate in rhe region. And indeed, af- ter the death of Antiochos II in 246 BC, Ptolemy III actively campaigned in Ionia, Kilikia and Pam- phylia and was succesful in winning hack territories lost by his brother. Much of the southwest coast of Asia Minor became under Ptolemaic control until the campaigns of Antiochos III on 197-6 BC. Pive coins with a cornucopia symbol are probably from the mint of Sidon. The other coins are from rwo mints identified after Svoronos as Ptolernais-Akko (1 1 coins wirh a tripod symbol) and Berytos (7 coins with a trident symbol). The presence of stich a high proportion of coins from Phoenician mints in Bodrum (ahom 40 % of the total) is unexpected and calls for an explanation. These coins were brought to the Museum by various people at differ- ent times, which indicates that thev come from sev- eral finds and not a single hoard. Svoronos' attribu- tion to Sidon of the five bronzes with the cornuco- pia symbol in the left field was questioned by Cox who suggested a reattribution to Cyprus, based on the discovery of three specimens in the Curium ex- cavations {Cox 1959, 100-101). While her evidence 174 The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum was too weak to support a reartriburion, the addi- tion of tour more specimens at Bodrum raises real questions. Moreover, Haim Gitler has kindly indi- cated that there seems to be no example of this rype in the Israel Museum, and Donald Ariel could not find any on the computerised database of the Israel Antiquities Authority. However, there seems to be only one example at Fethiye, a very worn specimen which cannot be identified with certainty. All in all, a reatttibution of these cornucopia symbol coins to a mint in southwest Asia Minor is tempting. As far as the coins with tripod and trident symbols are concerned, there is also a large number of these coins at Fethiye Museum with at least 47 specimens with a tripod sytnhol (31.3 % of the total) and 27 specimens with a trident symbol (18.1 % of the to- tal). Such high proportions in both museums do cast some doubt on the traditional attribution of these coins to Phoenician mints. In addition, the small number of coins from Cypriot mints at Bo- drum (3) and Fethiye (9) further weakens an attri- bution of all these coins to mints that are even more distant than Cyptus. Finally, there seems to be no record of coins with tripod and trident symbols in Israel (Ashton forth., citing information from Don- ald Ariel and Haim Gitler). Insofar as the evidence goes, I have reached the same conclusion as Richard Ashton (Ashton forth.) and would suggest that these coins with tripod and trident symbols might have been local emissions from southwest Asia Minor. Ashton goes further in suggesting that Telmessos might have been the mint lor one or both issues. Three out of eleven tripod symbol coins bear on their reverse a countermark in the shape of an alpha within a round incuse. This countermark variety seems to be unpublished and occurs also in Fethiye Museum on seven bronzes of Ptolemy III with tri- dent and tripod symbols. Since these coins previous- ly attributed to »Ptolemais-Akko« and »Berytos» should now be considered to have been issued by mints in southwest Asia Minor, we may also give the same otigin to the A countermark. It is interesting to point out that all three specimens in Bodrum Museum were confiscated (found?) in Mugla. Bibliography: Ashton et at. 1 L)96: R.H.J. Ashton, M. Arslan, A. Dervi$ag aoglu, A Ptolemaic Hoard in Ferhiye Museum (CH VIII, 246), NC19%, 269-272. Ashton forth: R.H.J. Ashton, The L'tolernaic Coins in Fe- rhiye Museum, NCirc. forthcoming. Bagnall 1976: R.S. Bagnall, The Administration of the Ptole- maic Possessions outside Egypt Leiden 1976. Bouyon et al. 2000: B. Bouyon, G. Depeyror and J.-L. De- snie r, Systimes et technologic des mommies de bronze (4' s. avantj C - 3's. apfes].-(. ,■. Werteren 2000. Cox 1959: D.H. Cox, Coins from the Excavations at Curium, 1932-i953, ANSMN 145, New York 1959. Davesne 1 987: A. Davesne, Une contremarque au undent sur certaines mounaies de Prolemee 11 Philadelphe, BSTN 1987, 145-149. Davesne 1998: A. Davesne, Reflexion sur la valeur des bronz- es des premiers Prolemees, AVI 998, 49-60. Davesne and Le Rider 1989: A.Davesne and C. Le Rider, Giilnar II, Le tresor de Meydmtcikkale, Cilicie Trachee, 1980, Paris 1989. Gorecki 1991/2: J. Gorecki, in J. Borchhardr et al., Crabun- gen und Forscbungen in Limyra aus den Jahren 1984- 1990,/CM/LXI, 1991/2, 125-192. Gregory 1993: T. Gregory, The Ancienr and Byzantine Coins, in The Fort at Dereagzi, cd. J. Morganstem, Is- tanbuler Forschungen AQ, Tubingen 1993, 140-154. Huston and Lorber2001: S.M. Huston and C.C. Lorber, A Ploard of Ptolemaic Bronze Coins in Commerce, Ocro- b« 1992 (CH 8,413), /VC2001. 11-40. Kellucr 2001: H.-J. Kellner, Eine Miinze aus der Stoa von Kaunos, in Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens und des agaischen Bereiches. Festschrift filr Baki Ogfiit zum 75. Geburtstag, ed. C. ljik, Asia Minor Srudien 39, Boun2000, 145/149. Konuk 2001: K. Konuk, Les monnaies, in Les hautes terres de Curie, ed. P. Debord and E. \ artnlioglu, Bordeaux 2001, 77-79. Kromann and Morkholm 1977: A. Kromann and O. Morkholm, Sylloge Nummorum Graecarum. The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National Mu- seum, Egypt: The Ptolemies, Copenhagen 1977. Le Rider 1969: G. Le Rider, Monnaies rrouvces a Mirgissa, /i/Vl969, 28-35. Ma 1999: J. Ma, Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor, Oxford 1999. Nicolaou 1990: I. Nicolaou, Paphos IS. The Coins ftom the House of Dionysos, Nicosia 1990. The Ptolemaic Coins in the Bodrum 175 Noeske 1995: H.-Chr. Noeske, G-egensrempel auf ptole- maischen Bronzemiinzen, AfDAIK5l, 1995. 195-206, Noeske 2000: H.-Chr. Noeske, Die Mihizen der I'toleniaer, Frankfurt am Main 2000. Paton 1900: W.R. Pawn, Sites in E. Karia and S. LydhJHS 1900, 57-80. Robert 1962: L. Roherr, Vitles d'Asie Mineure, Paris 1962. Roos 1969: P Roos,Topographical and orher Notes on Sourh- Eastern Caria. Opitscida Atheniensby, 1969, 59-93. Schulze 2001: W. Schul/c, A 'Trident' Countermark from Cyprus On Bronze Coins of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, NCircDec 2001, 365-5. Svoronos 1904: J. Svoronos, To Nomismatit ton Kmtous ton Ptolemtiion, Athens 1904-08. Wciser 1995: W. Weiscr, Katnlogptokmai'scher Bronzemiin- zen des Sammlung des htstituts fur Ahertumskunde der Univtrsititt zu Koln. Papyrologia Coloniensia, vol. XXTT, Cologne 1995. Note 1 I am grateful to Orkan Koyagasi, student at Anadolu University, who assisted me in taking digital photo- graphs of the collection, ro Aurore Doridot, graduate srudent at Bordeaux University, for her help in prepar- ing the plates, and to Henry Olivier, PhD student at Bordeaux University, lor providing die map. J am also indebted ro Carharine Lorber for her very useful re- marks and guidance, to Haim Gitler and Donald Ariel lor their assistance in providing data from Israel. 1 also owe a number of references to Richard Ashron, Andy Meadows and Tolga Tek. In 1W5 theTurkish authorities made an important discovery on the Salm.ikK Promontory west of the entrance to the harbour of Hodrum - ancient Haltkarnassos. Remains of walls and mo- saic floor*; dating to Hellenistic and Roman times were found, and on one of the walls there- was a well-preserved Greek inscription, now known as The Siihtuikis Imeripihm.Thv inscription was found 10 he a previously unknown I leilcnistic poem in which AphrodiLe reveals what I lalikarnassos lias- to he proud of. Her poetic account includes famous authors horn in I lalikarnassos. The text leaves no doubt that the location of the inscription was the famous Salmakis Fountain inseparably connected to die name of I iermaphroditos.Thc unparalleled inscription aroused great interest and discussion when published. An international symposium was held at the Oisde of St. Peter in Bodrtim. where specialists repre- senting numismatics,ancient history, literature, philology, religion, epigraphy and archaeology offered their views on the inscription and its implications for our understanding of the I Ielleuistic world. The Stihiialiis hiseriptioti awl lielktiisth Utiliktinuissos contains the contributions to that symposium. Apart from studies directly concerning the Salmakis inscription there are other articles on 1 leilcnistic Halikarnassos. partly based on already well known evidence partly on new material. U N I V I: R S ! T Y PR, 1-. S S Of SO U T Hi; K N I) 1:. N M ARK