Kasolaba, A New Mint in Karia? morein S. Drougou et al. (eds), KEPMATIA ΦΙΛΙΑΣ. Τιμητικός Τόμος για τον Ιωάννη Τουράτσογλου (Athens, 2009), p. 177-183. |
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Anatolian History, Numismatics, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Greek History, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Classical Archaeology, Anatolian Studies, Ancient Greek Numismatics, Ancient Numismatics (Anatolia), Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Ancient Caria, and Carian
KEPMATIA ºI§IA™
| Y ¶ O Y P ° E I O ¶ O § I T I ™ M O Y | NOMI™MATIKO MOY™EIO | | HELLENIC MINISTRY OF CULTURE | N U M I S M A T I C M U S E U M |
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K·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· AÚ¯·ÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜, AÚÈÛÙÔÙ¤ÏÂÈÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢.
Stella Drougou,
Professor of Archaeology, Aristotelian University of Thessalonike.
¢¤ÛÔÈÓ· E˘ÁÂÓ›‰Ô˘
¢È¢ı‡ÓÙÚÈ· NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ MÔ˘Û›Ԣ.
Despoina Evgenidou
Director of the Numismatic Museum, Athens.
X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜ KÚÈÙ˙¿˜
AÚ¯·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜, E›ÙÈÌÔ˜ ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜ EÈÁÚ·ÊÈÎÔ‡ MÔ˘Û›Ԣ.
Charalampos Kritzas
Archaeologist, Honorary Director of the Epigraphical Museum, Athens.
NÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ K·ÏÙÛ¿˜
¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜ EıÓÈÎÔ‡ AÚ¯·ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ MÔ˘Û›Ԣ.
Nikolaos Kaltsas
Director of the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
B¿Ûˆ ¶¤ÓÓ·
E›ÎÔ˘ÚÔ˜ K·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ‹˜ IÛÙÔÚ›·˜ Î·È NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈ΋˜, ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓ‹ÛÔ˘.
Vasso Penna
Assistant Professor of Byzantine History and Numismatics, University of Peloponnese.
HÒ˜ TÛÔ‡ÚÙË
NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÔ˜.
Eos Tsourti Numismatist. Mina Galani-Krikou
Numismatist.
M›Ó· °·Ï¿ÓË-KÚ›ÎÔ˘
NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÔ˜.
E˘Ù¤ÚË P¿ÏÏË
NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÔ˜, NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi MÔ˘Û›Ô.
Efterpi Ralli
Numismatist, Numismatic Museum, Athens.
∏ÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË: ¡›ÎÔ˜ ™Ô˘ÁϤ˜
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KEPMATIA ºI§IA™
ÙÈÌËÙÈÎfi˜ ÙfiÌÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Iˆ¿ÓÓË TÔ˘Ú¿ÙÛÔÁÏÔ˘
A NOMI™MATIKH-™ºPA°I™TIKH
| Y ¶ O Y P ° E I O ¶ O § I T I ™ M O Y | NOMI™MATIKO MOY™EIO | Aı ‹ Ó · 2 0 0 9 | | HELLENIC MINISTRY OF CULTURE | N U M I S M A T I C M U S E U M | Athens 2009 |
K·ÙÂÚ›Ó· °∂øƒ°∞∫∞∫∏
¶EPIEXOMENA
A
¶ÚfiÏÔÁÔ˜ EÚÁÔÁÚ·Ê›·
I-IX
EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹
X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜ M¶AKIPTZH™
IøANNH™ TOYPAT™O°§OY, ï àÚ¯·ÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜
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1-5
NOMI™MATIKH
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7-602 9-23
X·Ú¿Ï·ÌÔ˜ B. KPITZA™ Andrew MEADOWS Olivier PICARD °. A. ¶I∫OÀ§∞™ Mȯ¿Ï˘ TIBEPIO™
O‚ÔÏÔ› AÚÁÔÏÈÎÔ›
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Money in an ideal world: Plato’s Laws and the dual nature of Coinage EÓ· ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· Î·È Î¿ÔȘ ÈÛÙÔڛ˜
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25-31 33-43 45-53 55-67 69-79 81-95
Le décret amphictionique sur le tétradrachme stéphanéphore et les technites AÙÙÈο «ÂڷωÈο» Î·È «Ó¤·˜ Ù¯ÓÔÙÚÔ›·˜» ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· Î·È ÔÈ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ıËÓ·˚ÎÔ‡˜ ·ÌÊÔÚ›˜ «£ËÛ·˘Úfi˜» ÓÔÌÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi Ù·ÊÈÎfi Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ·fi ÙÔ ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ-·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÎfi ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂ›Ô Ù˘ £‹‚·˜ ™Î¿ÚÊË, fiÏȘ §ÔÎÚ›‰Ô˜
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ŒÏÂÓ· B§AXO°IANNH E˘·ÁÁÂÏ›· °EøP°IOY Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO ¨ F. DE CALLATAY and R. KAN Wolfgang FISCHER-BOSSERT Nina FROLOVA Christos GATZOLIS Selene PSOMA Dominique GÉRIN Giovanni GORINI ™Ù¤ÏÏ· KATAKOYTA
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Why is there the head of a Silenus on the Aitna tetradrachm?
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97-107
A new silver denomination of Lysimachus: a unique hemidrachm (from Mytilene?) with Athena Parthenos on the reverse
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109-115 117-125 127-133 135-143
Goldene Charonsgroschen Caucasian imitations of Alexander and Lysimachus’ Golden Stater More on the Bottiaeans of Thrace
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Sphinges perdues et retrouvées : cinq monnaies de Samothrace dans la Collection Chandon de Briailles A parcel of a 4th century Athenian Tetradrachms Hoard
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145-151 153-157 159-175
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«£ËÛ·˘Úfi˜» ·ÚÁ˘ÚÒÓ ÓÔÌÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯·›· º¿ÚÛ·ÏÔ
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K·ÙÂÚ›Ó· °∂øƒ°∞∫∞∫∏
NOMI™MATIKH
Koray KONUK £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ˜ KOYPEM¶ANA™
Kasolaba, A new mint in Karia?
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177-183
A‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Ù˜ ÂÈÎÔ¤˜ ÛÙ· ÂÏÏËÓÈÛÙÈο ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢, AÌÊ›ÔÏ˘ Î·È ¶¤ÏÏ·˜ The Tauropolos tetradrachms of the first Macedonian Meris: Provenance, Iconography and dating An addition to the Eleusinian Triptolemos/piglet coinage H ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· EÚÌÈÔÓÈ΋ ÊÚÔ˘Ú¿ ÛÙË Ó‹ÛÔ Y‰Ú¤·
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185-190
Sophia KREMYDI-SICILIANOU
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191-201 203-205 207-217
John H. KROLL Õ‰ˆÓȘ ∫. ∫Àƒ√À Metodi MANOV B·Û›Ï˘ ¶OY§IO™ E˘Ù¤ÚË PA§§H Ilya PROKOPOV ,
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Relationships between two Scythian kings in Dobroudja and some macedonian hellenistic kings evidenced by epigraphical and numismatic data «£ËÛ·˘Úfi˜» ·ÚÁ˘ÚÒÓ ÓÔÌÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ AÌÊ›ÔÏ˘ Î·È £¿ÛÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÓÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂ›Ô Ù˘ ·Ú¯·›·˜ °·˙ÒÚÔ˘ (CH IX, 18)
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219-225 227-233 235-245
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£ËÛ·˘Úfi˜ ÌÔχ‚‰ÈÓˆÓ Û˘Ì‚fiÏˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ KÔÚˆ› AÙÙÈ΋˜
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Basic coin types in Thrace recorded quantities and their participation in the coin circulation during the 2nd-1st centuries BC Samische Phylen
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247-253 255-261 263-269 271-283
Hans-Dietrich SCHULTZ Kenneth SHEEDY Vassiliki E. STEF ANAKI Stavri TOPALOV,
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Ios and Syros. Studies in the hellenistic coinages of the Cyclades
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Le monnayage de bronze de Viannos et de Malla en Crète orientale A bronze coin of the type of Alexander III re-minted with stamps of the coin type of Philip II
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285-291 293-297 299-319 321-329 331-341 343-359 361-365 367-375
¢‹ÌËÙÚ· T™A°KAPH-™TEºANH HÒ˜ T™OYPTH Panagiotis TSELEKAS Chrysanthos VALASSIADIS Bernhard WEISSER, Karsten DAHMEN Michel AMANDRY ˇ Ä Slobodan DUSANIC Wolfgang LESCHHORN
ŒÓ· ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎfi ÙÂÙÚ¿‰Ú·¯ÌÔ Ù˘ AÈÙˆÏÈ΋˜ ™˘ÌÔÏÈÙ›·˜ H Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚ·˜ A˘Á¤ÚË
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On the “Skione 1990/1” hoard [CH VIII (1994), 63; CH IX (2002), 4] Zur Zirkulation der Münzen Kassanders Goldene Alexander zum Geschenk
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Le monnayage de Géta Auguste au nom du Koinon Kupriôn Domitian and the coins of the Dardanian mines
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Der Kaiser als Gründer. Der titel KTI™TH™ auf griechischen Münzen der Römischen Kaiserzeit Ein Schatzfund von Prägungen Neros der Prägestätte Thessaloniki im Bereich Serres (Ostmakedonien, 2003) Monnaies de Naxos (Cyclades) d’époque impériale romaine
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377-383
Katerini LIAMPI
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385-393 395-405
Hélène NICOLET -PIERRE IÓÒ Nπ∫O§AOÀ,
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NÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ·˘ÙÔÎÚ¿ÙÔÚ· BÂÛ·ÛÈ·ÓÔ‡ Ô˘ ÎfiËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ K‡ÚÔ, ÛÙÔ NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô AıËÓÒÓ 407-411
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Cleopatra PAPAEVANGELOU-GENAKOS
The metrology of the coinage of Amphipolis in imperial times
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413-427
NOMI™MATIKH
÷ڛÎÏÂÈ· ¶A¶A°EøP°IA¢OY-M¶ANH °È¿ÓÓ˘ ™TO°IA™
NÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ TÚÈ·ÓÙ·Ê˘ÏÏ›‰Ë ÛÙÔ NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi MÔ˘ÛÂ›Ô ™¿ÓÈ· „¢‰Ô·˘ÙfiÓÔÌË ÎÔ‹ ·˘ÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚÈÎÒÓ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ∫ÔÈÓÔ‡ ÙˆÓ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÒÓ Further considerations on the numismatics of Catalan Greece, in the light of the Athens Roman Agora (Lytsika) 1891 hoards
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429-445
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447-455
Julian BAKER, Mina GALANI-KRIKOU
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457-473 475-481 483-489
Luigi BESCHI Orestes H. ZERVOS Ernest OBERLÄNDER-TÂRNOVEANU
Giovanni VIII Paleologo di Pisanello nel museo numismatico di Atene
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A new variant of the copper tetarteron with “jeweled cross” of Alexius I Comnenus The imitative gold coinage of Byzantine type from the late 12th and the early 13th century
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491-505 507-515 517-539
B¿Ûˆ ¶E¡¡A ∞ÈηÙ. T™ANANA, ∫Ï¿Óı˘ ¢OYKA™ ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ KOKKA™
«£ËÛ·˘Úfi˜» ¶¿ÚÔ˘/1999Ø Â·ÓÂͤٷÛË ÙˆÓ «ÈÛÙÒÓ ·ÔÌÈÌ‹Ûˆӻ B˘˙·ÓÙÈÓ¿ ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙË BÚ‡· Ù˘ X·ÏÎȉÈ΋˜ O ıËÛ·˘Úfi˜ OıˆÌ·ÓÈÎÒÓ ¿ÛÚˆÓ «M·ÓÙ¤Ì §¿ÎÎÔ˜ ™ÙÚ·ÙˆÓ›Ô˘ X·ÏÎȉÈ΋˜ 1938» O ıËÛ·˘Úfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ P¿˚ÎÔ˜ KÔ˘ÚÂÓÙ›ˆÓ H›ÚÔ˘ ¢˘Ô ÌÂÙ·ÏÏÈο ·ÂÏÏ· ÙÔ˘ Iˆ¿ÓÓË AÚÈÛÙ¿Ú¯Ë
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541-553 555-567 569-577
AÓ‰Ú¤·˜ ª∞∑∞ƒ∞∫∏™ ¢¤ÛÔÈÓ· EY°ENI¢OY
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™ºPA°I™TIKH
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579-603 581-591
πˆ¿ÓÓ· ∫√§Δ™π¢∞-ª∞∫ƒ∏ °ÈfiÚη Nπ∫√§∞√À
MÔÏ˘‚‰fi‚Ô˘ÏÏ· ™˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ N·Ô‡Ì
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«TÔ ı·‡Ì· ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈϤˆÓ Î·È Ë ‰›ÎË ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÎÚ¤ÙÔ˘», ÌÈ· ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ·˘ÙÔÎÚ·ÙÔÚÈ΋ ‚Ô‡ÏÏ· ·fi ÙȘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ NÔÌÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ MÔ˘Û›Ԣ
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593-603
¶EPIEXOMENA
605-610
B E¶I°PAºIKH
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1-165
°ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ ¢E™¶INH™
O ‰›ÛÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔ˘Û›Ԣ ·ÚÈı. 93Ø «ÌӤ̷ Ùfi‰’ ·åÓbÔ ÛÔÊ›·˜ å·ÙÚe ôÚÈÛÙÔ»
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3-11
ÃÚ˘ÛԇϷ ™∞∞Δ™√°§√À-¶∞§π∞¢∂§∏ M·Ú›· §I§IM¶AKH-AKAMATH ∂ÌÌ·ÓÔ˘‹Ï BOYTYPA™ M. B. HATZOPOULOS
EÓ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ·fiÙÌËÌ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ı¿ÙÚÔ˘ ÙˆÓ AÈÁÒÓ EıÓÈÎa ÔÓfiÌ·Ù· Û ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Ù˘ ¶¤ÏÏ·˜
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13-21 23-31 33-45
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¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ Û ‰‡Ô ÂÈÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙË B¤ÚÔÈ· Some new documents from the Macedonian chancery Problems of form and content
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47-55 57-69 71-79 81-89
B¿Û· K√¡Δ√ƒπ¡∏ §›Ó· °. MEN¢øNH Constantinos LAGOS KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ T™AKO™ Denis KNOEPFLER HÏ›·˜ ™BEPKO™ AÌ·Ï›· KAPA¶A™XA§I¢OY °. A. ™OYPH™
ÕÁÓˆÛÙ· «Ê·ÓÙ¿ÛÌ·Ù·» Û ÁÓˆÛÙ¤˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ·fi ÙË Pfi‰Ô TÈÌËÙÈÎfi „‹ÊÈÛÌ· ·fi ÙËÓ K·Úı·›·
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Athena Itonia at Amorgos. A new interpretation of the Evidence H º›Ï· Î·È Ë ™¿ÌÔ˜: ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ› Á‡Úˆ ·fi ¤Ó· ‚ˆÌfi
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91-105
Sur le nom d’ un citoyen d’Akanthos enlevé par les pirates (Polyen VI 54) MÈ· ÂÈÙ¿ÊÈ· ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË ÛÙ‹ÏË ·fi ÙËÓ OÚÂÛÙ›‰·
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107-111 113-119 121-123
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§›ıÈÓË ÂÓ›ÁÚ·ÊË ÛÙ‹ÏË ·fi ÙË X·ÏΛ‰·-¶Â‰›Ô ‚ÔÏ‹˜ EÈÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ T‡¯Ë ÙˆÓ ·˘ÙÔÎÚ·ÙfiÚˆÓ Û ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ ·fi ÙË M·Î‰ÔÓ›·
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125-131 133-141 143-149
°ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ BE§ENH™ AÁÁÂÏÈ΋ ™TPATH
H ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ £‡ÚÛÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ TÂÁ¤·
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H ÂÈه̂ȷ ÂÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ Aı·Ó·Û›Ô˘ M·ÛÁ›‰· ÛÙË ÌÔÓ‹ TÈÌ›Ô˘ ¶ÚÔ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ™ÂÚÚÒÓ. ™¯fiÏÈ· Î·È ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ
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¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹˜ M. NI°¢∂§∏™
O N¤ÛÙˆÚ, Ô §˘·›Ô˜ Î·È Ù· ¶‡ıÈ·. O ‚›Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ AÁ›Ô˘ ¢ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ˘fi ÙÔ Êˆ˜ Ó¤ˆÓ ÂÈÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ AӤΉÔÙ˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Î·È ¯·Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· ·fi Ó·Ô‡˜ Î·È ÌÔÓ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ HÚ·ÎÏ›Ԣ KÚ‹Ù˘
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151-159
Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ BO§ANAKH™
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161-165
APXAIO§O°IA
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167-603 169-189
I™TOPIA-APXAIO§O°IA
™Ù¤ÏÏ· ¢ƒ√À°√À K. ™OYEPEº
EÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È Û‡Ì‚ÔÏ· ÂÚ› ÙˆÓ AÈÁÒÓ H ÂÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ AÓÙÈ·ÙÚȉÒÓ Î·È ÔÈ «M·Î‰ÔÓÈÎÔ› T¿ÊÔÈ» Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎÂÈ·˜ Î·È K·ÛÛ·Ó‰ÚÂȈÙÈ΋˜ ¯ÒÚ·˜
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171-179 181-189
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ANA™KAºIKA
Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ M. AKAMATH™ AÁÁÂÏÈ΋ KOTTAPI¢H §È¿Ó· ¶AP§AMA ™Ù¤ÊË KOPTH-KONTH ª·Ú›· Δ™IM¶I¢OY-∞Y§øNITH AÓ·ÛÙ·Û›· XPY™O™TOMOY ¢¤ÛÔÈÓ· ∑EPNIøTH
191-287
¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚÈ΋ ¶¤ÏÏ·. NÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂ›Ô ÂÔ¯‹˜ X·ÏÎÔ‡
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193-213 215-225 227-241 243-249 251-269 271-277 279-287
H ÔÚÂÈÓ‹ HÌ·ı›· ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË ÂÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ™È‰‹ÚÔ˘ (11Ô˜ - 7Ô˜ ·È .Ã.) ¶·Ï·Ì¿ÚÈ ™Î‡ÚÔ˘, Ë ·Ó·Ûηʋ Ù˘ Ô¯‡ÚˆÛ˘, 2000-2007 IˆÓÈÎa Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙfiÓ ·Ú¯·˚Îfi £ÂÚÌ·˚Îfi
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ºÔ›ÓÈη˜ 2005. H Ì·ÚÙ˘Ú›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÈ‚ˆÙÈfiÛ¯ËÌÔ˘ Ù·ÊÔ˘ 4
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T·ÊÈÎfi Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ·fi ÙÔ ¢˘ÙÈÎfi NÂÎÚÔÙ·ÊÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘ AÚ¯ÔÓÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶¤ÏÏ·˜ T·ÊÈÎfi Û˘ÁÎÚfiÙËÌ· ·fi ÙË ÚˆÌ·˚΋ fiÏË Ù˘ K·ÛÛÈfi˘
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APXITEKTONIKH-TO¶O°PAºIA
Emanuele GRECO Paolo VITTI Antonio CORSO Massimo VITTI
289-333
Nota sul santuario di Apollo Pizio ad Atene
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291-297 299-311 313-319
H ·Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ º¿ÚÔ˘ Ù˘ AÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÂÈ·˜
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A few thoughts on the Tower of the Winds in Athens
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H AÁÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ K·›Û·Ú· Î·È Ô N·fi˜ Ù˘ AÊÚÔ‰›Ù˘ ÛÙË PÒÌË. ™¯fiÏÈÔ Î·È ÂÓË̤ڈÛË
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321-333
°§Y¶TIKH
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KASOLABA, A NEW MINT IN KARIA?
Koray KONUK
SUMMARY A tentative attribution to a new mint in Karia is presented here for a prolific series of Classical silver fractions. Their legend in the Karian script and some recorded provenances would indicate Kasolaba, a city which is mentioned in the Athenian Tribute Lists but whose precise location is uncertain.
177
NOMI™MATIKH
K·ÙÂÚ›Ó· °∂øƒ°∞∫∞∫∏
Koray KONUK
Long ascribed to Abdemon of Salamis on Cyprus1, a prolific series of silver fractions was rightly identified as Karian by Troxell who had access to a number of specimens reportedly found in Karia2. Besides the provenances, she also pointed out that one of the letters found on these fractions ( )is only known in the Karian script3. Subsequent studies followed and some confirmed her firm attribution to Karia, but determining the mint remained an uncertain task4. These fractions have a head of a ram on the obverse and a young male head in profile on the reverse. A late variant depicts the Persian hero-king instead of the ram. Those coins which have the legend in Karian have weights which cluster in the 0.45-0.50g range5. This would represent a hemiobol in the reduced Milesian standard used in that part of Karia6. What follows is a type catalogue of all the varieties known to me; each illustrated by a specimen.
1.
Obv. Head of ram right. Rev. Young male head left; on the upper-left corner, all within incuse square. Private collection (0.43g; 09H); ca. 450-400 BC.
(z) on the lower-left corner,
(a);
Types 1 and 2 show a distinctive archaic style; the deep incuse square of the reverse also indicates an early issue. The initial letter, on later issues, takes a rather odd shape on these early examples.
2.
Obv. As last. Rev. Young male head right; on the upper-right corner, (z); on the lower-right corner, incuse square. SNG Keckman, 865 (0.29g; 06H) = Troxell 1984, no. 8; ca. 450-400 BC. Obv. As last. Rev. Young male head right; on the upper-right corner, (z); on the lower-right corner, (a); all within incuse square. Hauck & Aufhäuser 15 (2000), 206 (0.52g); ca. 450-400 BC.
(a); all within
3.
The shape of the initial letter establishes a link between the first phase of this coinage and the later issues (type 4 onwards).
1. The attribution to king Abdemon goes back to J.P. SIX, “Monnaies grecques inédites et incertaines”, NumChron 10, (1890), p. 256-259. With no provenance at his disposal, Six considered the two-letter legend to be Phoenician with an odd upside-down and backward orientation. He also postulated a third missing Phoenician letter, which turns out to be a ghost as it does not appear on any of the known specimens. Because of its types, Kebren in Troas was also suggested as the mint and standard catalogues such as BMC Troas 44, no. 14 and Traité II.2, no. 2336 follow that attribution when they do not prefer at the same time a Cypriot origin: BMC Cyprus, 54, nos. 42-44; Traité II.2, no. 1143. 2. H.A. TROXELL, “Carians in Miniature”, in A. HOUGHTON et al. (eds), Studies in Honor of Leo Mildenberg, Wetteren 1984, p. 253-255 (hereafter cited as TROXELL 1984). The coins described as belonging to a Finnish collector were published in SNG Keckman, 865-902. 3. This letter, known as sign 36, is a sibilant and has the value z according to the latest research on Karian, see I.-J. ADIEGO, The Carian Language, Leiden-Boston 2006. 4. SNG Kayhan, 993-998 were all found in Karia or southern Ionia. 5. TROXELL 1984, p. 253, lists 34 coins with weights ranging 0.34-0.54g; the average being 0.44g (one specimen is 0.29g, no. 2 in the present type catalogue). In my own file, specimens over 0.50g are not uncommon, but they tend to be early issues of the square incuse type. 6. For a discussion of this standard, see K. KONUK, The Coinage of the Hekatomnids of Caria (D.Phil. diss. University of Oxford 1998), p. 31-34.
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NOMI™MATIKH
Same types from the next coin to no. 11 unless otherwise indicated:
Obv. Head of ram right. Rev. Young male head right; on either side, 4 (anepigraphic) 5 (za); 6 (za); 7 (za); 8 (az); 9 (az); 10 (azo); 11 (azo); all within square or round incuse.
4.
KASOLABA, A NEW MINT IN KARIA?
Anepigraphic with square incuse. Private collection (0.50g; 12H); ca. 420-400 BC. Besides early issues with square incuse (4), there are also later ones with round incuses (4bis): private collection (0.31g; 06H).
5.
Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 31-9-85 (0.42g; 01H); ca. 420-400 BC. Only the incuse square variety is known. The letter on the right also has the shape (5bis) in Oxford, Ashmolean Museum (0.43g; 09H). There is also a specimen with Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 9-19-91 (0.51g; 12H).
6.
on a specimen (5ter) in the
Private collection (0.34g; 02H); ca. 420-400 BC. This specimen has a round incuse. The letter on the right also has the shape on a specimen in SNG Keckman, 870 (0.46g; 09H); a die-duplicate is in Oxford, Ashmolean Museum (6bis, 0.48g; 08H).
7.
Muharrem Kayhan collection, MK 1236 (0.49g; 06H); ca. 410-390 BC. The incuse on the Kayhan specimen is square; the round variety is also attested (e.g. SNG Keckman, 869 [0.46g; 09H]). A variety with 8 is also known, see e.g. SNG Keckman, 877 (0.39g; 03H).
8.
New York, ANS (0.41g; 06H) = Troxell 1984, no. 9B; ca. 410-390 BC. On nos. 8-10, when the shape of the incuse can be determined, it is circular, and on some very shallow. Issue 8 is the most common of the series and my catalogue numbers close to 200 specimens.
9.
Obv. Head of ram right; below, (a). Private collection (0.36g; 10H); ca. 410-390 BC.
10.
SNG Kayhan, 997 (0.38g; 12H); ca. 410-390 BC.
11.
Obv. Persian hero-king right, in running-kneeling position, holding dagger in the right hand and bow in the left; groundline. London (BM), CM 1999-10-7-1 (0.34g; 6H); ca. 410-390 BC.
In the absence of an ethnic, there can be no certainty in the attribution of nos. 12 to 18 to the mint which struck the previous coins However, many features would suggest that they belong in fact to the same mint (similar types, same weight standard, finds reportedly including both coinages (in Bodrum and Milas museums).
12.
Obv. Head of ram left. Rev. Young male head left within round incuse. Hemitetartemorion. Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 63-15-85 (0.05g [sic, specimen in good shape]; 12H).
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NOMI™MATIKH
Koray KONUK
13.
Obv. Head of ram right. Rev. Young male head right. Tetartemorion or hemitetartemorion? Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 62-15-85 (0.08g; 12H). Obv. As last. Rev. As last, but EK in right field. Tetartemorion or hemitetartemorion? Muharrem Kayhan collection, MK 1629 (0.09g; 12H). This unique specimen differs from the previous issue by the two-letter Greek legend which clearly refers to Hekatomnos, satrap of Karia from ca. 392 to 377 BC. Mylasa also issued silver fractions in the name of Hekatomnos with the letters E, EK or EKA, see SNG Kayhan, 867.
14.
15.
Obv. As last. Rev. Head of roaring lion right; forepaw extended, in square incuse. Tetartemorion. SNG Kayhan, 989 (0.22g; 12H). The lion is sometimes turned to left (15bis): Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, 21-9-85 0.19g; 03H). Obv. As last. Rev. Head of roaring lion right in round incuse. Tetartemorion. Private collection (round incuse, 0.14g; 06H). Obv. Head of ram left; double-axe above. Rev. Head of roaring lion left in roughly square incuse. Tetartemorion. SNG Kayhan, 999 (0.12g; 12H).
16.
17.
The stylistic evolution suggests that these fractions were issued over a long period of time, perhaps over a century. The legend must therefore refer to an ethnic rather than a dynast. The later issues bear three letters: , which at first glance are not easy to match with an ethnic7. The first ( ) and the last letters ( ) do not represent any difficulty for they have the same values as in Greek. As for the second letter ( or ), its value was only established recently. For a long time it was taken as a cursive equivalent of another sign ( )8, which Schürr argued should be read as a sibilant9. As the value of that letter was being discussed, I wondered whether the coin legend might not be connected with the beginning of the word alosharnos and its variants10. Adiego had suggested that this name may have something to do with the toponym of Halikarnassos11. It seemed that a possible connection with our fractions made sense given the fact that their reported find spots are mainly from the area which falls between Halikarnassos and Mylasa12. In addition, the uncertainty concerning the value of made me wonder whether there might not be scope to regard it as some form of L13. This led
7. As TROXELL 1984, p. 254, rightly observed, the occasional presence of the O in the inscription, always next to the , shows that a is the initial letter of the legend. 8. Cf. I.-J. ADIEGO, Studia Carica. Investigaciones sobre la escritura y lengua carias, Barcelona 1993, p. 270. 9. D. SCHÜRR, “Bastet-Namen in karischen Inschriften Ägyptens”, Kadmos 35 (1996), p. 60. 10. Verbal communication presented and commented by J.D. RAY, “Aegypto-Carica”, Kadmos 37 (1998), p. 127. 11. ADIEGO, op. cit. (supra, n. 8), p. 245. 12. A large number of these coins occur in the collections of the archaeological museums of Bodrum and Milas. 13. RAY, loc. cit. (supra, n. 10) p. 127, considered the possibility that sign 7, which is known to be Ï. may be better seen as a cursive equivalent of
180
NOMI™MATIKH
KASOLABA, A NEW MINT IN KARIA?
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1
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×2
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2
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3
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×2
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4
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×2
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4bis
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×2
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5
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×2
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5bis
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×2
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5ter
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×2
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6
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×2
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6bis
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×2
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7
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8
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×2
181
NOMI™MATIKH
Koray KONUK
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9
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×2
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10
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×2
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11
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×2
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12
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×2
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13
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14
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15
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15bis
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16
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17
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me to tentatively suggest Halikarnassos as the mint of our fractions14. Now that the new reading of no longer supports that attribution, there is a need to reconsider the evidence. The decipherment of Karian has made significant progress over the past few years and a number of difficult signs have been given more accurate values. This is the case of which has received confirmation that it should be read as a sibilant and is today transcribed with
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NOMI™MATIKH
14. SNG Keckman, 993-998; K. KONUK, Karun ' dan Karia' ya, Muharrem Kayhan Koleksiyonundan Erken Anadolu Sikkeleri. From Kroisos to Karia, Early Anatolian Coins from the Muharrem Kayhan Collection, Istanbul 2003, p. 102: “Many of these coins have been found in or near Halikarnassos, but finds have also been reported from around Mylasa. The word Alisharnos is attested by a Karian inscription and may well be the Karian form of Halikarnassos. One is tempted to associate the three letters of the coin with that word, but there can be no certainty.”
some confidence as z15. Our coins would thus have a Karian ethnic beginning with azo. As a matter of fact, there is an eligible ethnic which falls precisely in the area in which these coins are commonly found. By studying the Athenian Tribute Lists and the recently discovered inscription from Sekköy (north of Keramos), Descat convincingly demonstrates that the city of Kasolaba ought to be located between Halikarnassos and Mylasa16. Mention should be made of another city in the area whose name has a similar beginning: Kassosos17. It is located between the villages of Çamköy and Ulas Its inland situation is probably the ¸. reason why it was not subjected to the Athenian tribute. Early coinages were usually issued by coastal cities and Kassosos does not appear to be a credible candidate for our mint. At this stage, it is not possible to exactly pinpoint where the Kasolabeis were established18. There are several ancient settlements in the area. Descat considered the village of Kemer as a suitable candidate for Kasolaba. Another possible identification is Güvercinlik Tepesi which Zäh unconvincingly identifies as Karyanda19, a city which ought to be located on an island, at least partly20. Given that there are several other eligible sites in the area, it would be better to leave the task of identifying the site of Kasolaba until new evidence is discovered21. Concerning the reading of our coin legend, azo, it shows a remarkable similarity to the Greek ethnic of Kasolaba. The omission of a guttural initial in the Karian legend should not be surprising since examples of ethnics like Kyromos / Hyromos / Euromos, Kydai / Hydai and Kyblissos / Hyblissos in the same district testify that such variations were frequent. Kasolaba is the Greek transcription of a Karian ethnic whose native spelling remains uncertain It has been suggested, however, that (ksolbã) found in an inscription from Egypt (Memphis, M 35) may have been the genitive form of Kasolaba in Karian. Whether or not this is the case, the coins suggest that the Karian ethnic started with azo. It would not be far-fetched to expect that a new Greek inscription with the form Hasolaba may one day come to light.
KASOLABA, A NEW MINT IN KARIA?
15. See now I.-J. ADIEGO, The Carian Language, leiden-Boston 2006. 16. For the inscription, see W. BLÜMEL, “Zwei neue Inschriften aus Mylasa der Zeit des Maussolos”, EpigrAnat 16 ˘ (1990), p. 30-36 and P. DEBORD, E. VARINLIOGLU (eds), Les hautes terres de Carie, Bordeaux 2001, p. 216-217. Dating from the reign of Artaxerxes III, the inscription describes the grant by Kindya of a piece of land to Zeus Osogollis of Mylasa. Delegates from several neighbouring cities are invited to supervise this deal. They are listed in the inscription and its sequence appears not to be random. The order is quite valuable from a topographical point of view. It transpires that Kasolaba must be very close to Kindya, it might even be its direct neighbour. For the demonstration, see R. DESCAT, “La géographie dans les listes de tributs attiques: Lepsimandos et Kasôlaba en Carie” ZPE 104 (1994), p. 66-68. 17. L. ROBERT, “Rapport sommaire sur un premier voyage en Carie”, AJA 39/3 (1935), p. 334; W. BLÜMEL, Die Inschriften von Mylasa. Teil II: Inschriften aus der Umgebung der Stadt, Bonn 1988, p. 252-260. 18. They appear in the Athenian Tribute Lists and contributed 2 500 drachms, which is a notable sum compared to the contribution of neighbouring communities of comparable size. 19. A. ZÄH, “Zur Lokalisierung von Karyanda in Karien”, ÖJh 73 (2004), p. 327-338. 20. Ps.-Scylax 99; DESCAT loc. cit. (supra, n. 16), p. 64; R. DESCAT, “Pline et la Carie”, in P. ARNAUD, P. COUNILLON (eds), Geographica Historica, Bordeaux 1998, p. 117. Salihadası and Konel Adası are the most likely candidates. 21. The fourth campaign of our Archaeological Survey in the Ceramic Gulf, held in September 2006 (University of Bordeaux - Ausonius CNRS), focused on the area in question. Several unrecorded sites have been identified, one of which located next to the village of Tepecik (Asar Tepe) and overlooking the fertile coastal plain of Karaova from the northwest, would appear to be a further possible site for Kasolaba.
183
NOMI™MATIKH