Sciences Po Paris, département de Science Politique

ABSTRACT LES DIRIGEANTS RUSSES ONT TOURNÉ LE DOS à la démocratie. Depuis l'année 2003, et plus nettement depuis la vague de terrorisme de l'été 2004, les masques sont tombés. Ni le président Poutine, ni ses ministres et conseillers proches ne cherchent à convaincre que leur pays reste sur la " voie de la démocratisation ". Les dissertations à l'infini sur la transition, le constitutionnalisme, la naissance du citoyen semblent appartenir à un passé révolu. Nous sommes face à des réalités trop évidentes et préoccupantes pour continuer à décliner les paradigmes de la transition à la russe. Le constat est lourd et les stratégies du Kremlin sont sans équivoque. Le recul des libertés et du suffrage universel direct, le contrôle de l'information et des médias, la régression dans le fonctionnement de toutes les institutions publiques, l'exacerbation de la violence sont des phénomènes que personne ne conteste mais contre lesquels très peu de personnes en Russie luttent avec constance (...).

... Gromyko said in Paris, "Today, casting a retrospective glance, we cannot but note that the Soviet Union and France have laid the foundations for ... Although he did not share all of his predecessor's convictions, Georges Pomp-idou nevertheless approved of detente with the East. ...

... Gromyko said in Paris, "Today, casting a retrospective glance, we cannot but note that the Soviet Union and France have laid the foundations for ... Although he did not share all of his predecessor's convictions, Georges Pomp-idou nevertheless approved of detente with the East. ...

ABSTRACT Like the Russia of the tsars, the USSR locates its identity in opposition to the West. The dynamic of Soviet foreign policy lies in a competition, even if peaceful, against a Western rival that is at one and the same time enemy and model. For decades, the process of competition has been conducted without opening up Soviet society or its economy lo any great extent to international life. At the same time, internal constraints have had but a feeble influence on foreign policy.Analytical schemes that are founded on the hypothesis of an ultimate objective of the Soviet regime, be it revolutionary or state expansionism, now reveal their inadequacy. But the interpretation around the concept of convergence with Western societies is not more convincing. The Gorbachev experience certainly affects the traditional approach to Russia's relations with the outside world and confronts the Soviet system with increasing challenges, both at home and in power relations. The search of a new identity, freed of old communist dogmas, nevertheless continues to be carried out in the sustained face a face with Russia's rival self, the West.